{
  "attribution": {
    "source": "legal.exploreworldai.com",
    "canonical": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/judgment-text?id=us:ca7-25-1890-2026-07-20",
    "cite_as": "NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com (https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/judgment-text?id=us:ca7-25-1890-2026-07-20)",
    "license": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/revision",
    "version": "legal-2026-10-14",
    "fingerprint": "ewai:us:88b5b2",
    "proof": "sha256:7c7449dd798eb478f3e1b878e77347df0128de56c063e9e1d01b80f2d40ac1c9",
    "jurisdiction": "us",
    "lang": "en",
    "publisher": "NovaCopilot by ExploreWorld Legal",
    "terms": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/om"
  },
  "brand_source": "Source: NovaCopilot",
  "item": {
    "schema_version": "1.0.0",
    "id": "us:ca7-25-1890-2026-07-20",
    "jurisdiction": "us",
    "lang": "en",
    "brand_source": "Source: NovaCopilot",
    "brand": {
      "product": "NovaCopilot",
      "platform": "ExploreWorldAI",
      "infrastructure": "ExploreWorld Legal",
      "infrastructure_url": "legal.exploreworldai.com",
      "legal_entity": "Valkiv Ventures AB",
      "permanent_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/novacopilot",
      "source": "Source: NovaCopilot",
      "powered_by": "Powered by NovaCopilot",
      "license": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/licensvillkor"
    },
    "sections": [
      {
        "title": "In the",
        "paragraphs": []
      },
      {
        "title": "United States Court of Appeals",
        "paragraphs": []
      },
      {
        "title": "For the Seventh Circuit",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_4"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "No. 25-1890",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_6",
          "para_7",
          "para_8",
          "para_9",
          "para_10",
          "para_11"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "Appeal from the United States District Court for the",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_13",
          "para_14",
          "para_15"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "ARGUED FEBRUARY 24, 2026 — DECIDED JULY 10, 2026",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_17"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "Before BRENNAN, Chief Judge, and EASTERBROOK and",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_19"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "EASTERBROOK, Circuit Judge. Gunnar Optiks sells eye-",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_21",
          "para_22",
          "para_23",
          "para_24"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "For a time Gunnar offered a “virtual try on” feature. A",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_26",
          "para_27"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "2 No. 25-1890",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_29",
          "para_30",
          "para_31",
          "para_32",
          "para_33"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "Gunnar does not deny that information about faces is",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_35",
          "para_36",
          "para_37",
          "para_38",
          "para_39",
          "para_40",
          "para_41",
          "para_42",
          "para_43",
          "para_44"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996.”",
        "paragraphs": []
      },
      {
        "title": "When sued in state court, Gunnar relied on the first clause",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_47",
          "para_48",
          "para_49"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "231826. In federal court, where this case was filed under the",
        "paragraphs": []
      },
      {
        "title": "Class Action Fairness Act (CAFA), 28 U.S.C. §1332(d), Gunnar",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_52",
          "para_53",
          "para_54",
          "para_55",
          "para_56",
          "para_57"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act",
        "paragraphs": []
      },
      {
        "title": "(HIPAA), Pub. L. 104-191, 110 Stat. 1936 (1996), is scattered",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_60"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "No. 25-1890 3",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_62",
          "para_63",
          "para_64",
          "para_65",
          "para_66",
          "para_67",
          "para_68",
          "para_69",
          "para_70",
          "para_71",
          "para_72"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "603 U.S. 369 (2024). And we know from Mosby v. Ingalls Me-",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_74",
          "para_75"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "As the district judge saw things, relieving eye strain comes",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_77",
          "para_78",
          "para_79"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "One problem with this approach is that it takes on faith Gun-",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_81",
          "para_82",
          "para_83",
          "para_84"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "Richards v. Mitcheff, 696 F.3d 635 (7th Cir. 2012). Factual de-",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_86",
          "para_87"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "There is a second problem. Even if Gunnar’s glasses re-",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_89",
          "para_90",
          "para_91",
          "para_92"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "Gunnar itself describes the data it collected as useful to show",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_94"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "4 No. 25-1890",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_96",
          "para_97",
          "para_98",
          "para_99",
          "para_100",
          "para_101"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "Better appearance could be thought of as “for” treatment",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_103",
          "para_104",
          "para_105",
          "para_106",
          "para_107",
          "para_108",
          "para_109",
          "para_110",
          "para_111",
          "para_112",
          "para_113",
          "para_114"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "One last problem with resolving this case under Rule",
        "paragraphs": []
      },
      {
        "title": "12(b)(6): The exclusion in the Illinois statute refers to health",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_117",
          "para_118",
          "para_119",
          "para_120",
          "para_121",
          "para_122",
          "para_123"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "(or perhaps to avoid any risk of preemption). But whether",
        "paragraphs": []
      },
      {
        "title": "Gunnar complies with HIPAA’s collection-and-confidential-",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_126",
          "para_127",
          "para_128"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "No. 25-1890 5",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_130",
          "para_131",
          "para_132",
          "para_133",
          "para_134"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "Discovery and summary-judgment proceedings may be",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_136"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "None of what we have said should be understood to re-",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_138",
          "para_139",
          "para_140",
          "para_141",
          "para_142"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "The judgment of the district court is vacated, and the case",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_144"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "paragraphs": [
      {
        "text": "In the",
        "paragraph_id": "para_1"
      },
      {
        "text": "United States Court of Appeals",
        "paragraph_id": "para_2"
      },
      {
        "text": "For the Seventh Circuit",
        "paragraph_id": "para_3"
      },
      {
        "text": "____________________",
        "paragraph_id": "para_4"
      },
      {
        "text": "No. 25-1890",
        "paragraph_id": "para_5"
      },
      {
        "text": "WILLIAM CLEMENTS,",
        "paragraph_id": "para_6"
      },
      {
        "text": "Plaintiff-Appellant,",
        "paragraph_id": "para_7"
      },
      {
        "text": "v.",
        "paragraph_id": "para_8"
      },
      {
        "text": "GUNNAR OPTIKS, LLC,",
        "paragraph_id": "para_9"
      },
      {
        "text": "Defendant-Appellee.",
        "paragraph_id": "para_10"
      },
      {
        "text": "____________________",
        "paragraph_id": "para_11"
      },
      {
        "text": "Appeal from the United States District Court for the",
        "paragraph_id": "para_12"
      },
      {
        "text": "Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division.",
        "paragraph_id": "para_13"
      },
      {
        "text": "No. 22 C 4634 — Sara L. Ellis, Judge.",
        "paragraph_id": "para_14"
      },
      {
        "text": "____________________",
        "paragraph_id": "para_15"
      },
      {
        "text": "ARGUED FEBRUARY 24, 2026 — DECIDED JULY 10, 2026",
        "paragraph_id": "para_16"
      },
      {
        "text": "____________________",
        "paragraph_id": "para_17"
      },
      {
        "text": "Before BRENNAN, Chief Judge, and EASTERBROOK and",
        "paragraph_id": "para_18"
      },
      {
        "text": "TAIBLESON, Circuit Judges.",
        "paragraph_id": "para_19"
      },
      {
        "text": "EASTERBROOK, Circuit Judge. Gunnar Optiks sells eye-",
        "paragraph_id": "para_20"
      },
      {
        "text": "glasses that, it contends, help relieve eye strain from using",
        "paragraph_id": "para_21"
      },
      {
        "text": "computers and other digital devices. They do this, Gunnar as-",
        "paragraph_id": "para_22"
      },
      {
        "text": "serts, by trapping moisture close to users’ eyes and increasing",
        "paragraph_id": "para_23"
      },
      {
        "text": "the rate at which they blink. See http://gunnar.com.",
        "paragraph_id": "para_24"
      },
      {
        "text": "For a time Gunnar offered a “virtual try on” feature. A",
        "paragraph_id": "para_25"
      },
      {
        "text": "camera on a user’s device would scan the user’s face and send",
        "paragraph_id": "para_26"
      },
      {
        "text": "to Gunnar data enabling it to display for the consumer images",
        "paragraph_id": "para_27"
      },
      {
        "text": "2 No. 25-1890",
        "paragraph_id": "para_28"
      },
      {
        "text": "of how its models would look when worn. That service led to",
        "paragraph_id": "para_29"
      },
      {
        "text": "this suit, in which William Clements contends that, by collect-",
        "paragraph_id": "para_30"
      },
      {
        "text": "ing images from potential customers in Illinois, Gunnar vio-",
        "paragraph_id": "para_31"
      },
      {
        "text": "lated the state’s Biometric Information Privacy Act (BIPA), 740",
        "paragraph_id": "para_32"
      },
      {
        "text": "ILCS 14/1 to 14/99.",
        "paragraph_id": "para_33"
      },
      {
        "text": "Gunnar does not deny that information about faces is",
        "paragraph_id": "para_34"
      },
      {
        "text": "within the scope of that law. Section 14/10 ¶1 provides that",
        "paragraph_id": "para_35"
      },
      {
        "text": "the statute applies to biometric identifiers, which it defines as",
        "paragraph_id": "para_36"
      },
      {
        "text": "“a retina or iris scan, fingerprint, voiceprint, or scan of hand",
        "paragraph_id": "para_37"
      },
      {
        "text": "or face geometry.” Nor does Gunnar contend that it complied",
        "paragraph_id": "para_38"
      },
      {
        "text": "with the statute’s rules about obtaining users’ consent and re-",
        "paragraph_id": "para_39"
      },
      {
        "text": "taining data. But it insists that it is not covered at all, because",
        "paragraph_id": "para_40"
      },
      {
        "text": "of the fifth sentence in §14/10 ¶1: “Biometric identifiers do not",
        "paragraph_id": "para_41"
      },
      {
        "text": "include information captured from a patient in a health care",
        "paragraph_id": "para_42"
      },
      {
        "text": "setting or information collected, used, or stored for health care",
        "paragraph_id": "para_43"
      },
      {
        "text": "treatment, payment, or operations under the federal Health",
        "paragraph_id": "para_44"
      },
      {
        "text": "Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996.”",
        "paragraph_id": "para_45"
      },
      {
        "text": "When sued in state court, Gunnar relied on the first clause",
        "paragraph_id": "para_46"
      },
      {
        "text": "of this exclusion: “information captured from a patient in a",
        "paragraph_id": "para_47"
      },
      {
        "text": "health care setting”. The state’s judiciary rejected Gunnar’s ar-",
        "paragraph_id": "para_48"
      },
      {
        "text": "gument. Marino v. Gunnar Optiks LLC, 2024 IL App (1st)",
        "paragraph_id": "para_49"
      },
      {
        "text": "231826. In federal court, where this case was filed under the",
        "paragraph_id": "para_50"
      },
      {
        "text": "Class Action Fairness Act (CAFA), 28 U.S.C. §1332(d), Gunnar",
        "paragraph_id": "para_51"
      },
      {
        "text": "has relied on the rest of the exclusion: “information collected,",
        "paragraph_id": "para_52"
      },
      {
        "text": "used, or stored for health care treatment, payment, or opera-",
        "paragraph_id": "para_53"
      },
      {
        "text": "tions under the federal Health Insurance Portability and Ac-",
        "paragraph_id": "para_54"
      },
      {
        "text": "countability Act of 1996.” This time Gunnar prevailed. With-",
        "paragraph_id": "para_55"
      },
      {
        "text": "out certifying a class, the district court dismissed the com-",
        "paragraph_id": "para_56"
      },
      {
        "text": "plaint for failure to state a claim. Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6).",
        "paragraph_id": "para_57"
      },
      {
        "text": "The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act",
        "paragraph_id": "para_58"
      },
      {
        "text": "(HIPAA), Pub. L. 104-191, 110 Stat. 1936 (1996), is scattered",
        "paragraph_id": "para_59"
      },
      {
        "text": "across many titles of the United States Code. It does not con-",
        "paragraph_id": "para_60"
      },
      {
        "text": "No. 25-1890 3",
        "paragraph_id": "para_61"
      },
      {
        "text": "tain a definition of “health care”, a critical term in the state",
        "paragraph_id": "para_62"
      },
      {
        "text": "law’s exclusion, but a regulation serves that purpose. Under",
        "paragraph_id": "para_63"
      },
      {
        "text": "this regulation, health care includes: “Preventive, diagnostic,",
        "paragraph_id": "para_64"
      },
      {
        "text": "therapeutic, rehabilitative, maintenance, or palliative care,",
        "paragraph_id": "para_65"
      },
      {
        "text": "and counseling, service, assessment, or procedure with re-",
        "paragraph_id": "para_66"
      },
      {
        "text": "spect to the physical or mental condition, or functional status,",
        "paragraph_id": "para_67"
      },
      {
        "text": "of an individual or that affects the structure or function of the",
        "paragraph_id": "para_68"
      },
      {
        "text": "body”. 45 C.F.R. §160.103(1). The parties have assumed that",
        "paragraph_id": "para_69"
      },
      {
        "text": "issuance of this regulation is authorized by law and that the",
        "paragraph_id": "para_70"
      },
      {
        "text": "substance of this definition is valid. This spares us any need",
        "paragraph_id": "para_71"
      },
      {
        "text": "to consider the effect of Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo,",
        "paragraph_id": "para_72"
      },
      {
        "text": "603 U.S. 369 (2024). And we know from Mosby v. Ingalls Me-",
        "paragraph_id": "para_73"
      },
      {
        "text": "morial Hospital, 2023 IL 129081, that Illinois law uses this defi-",
        "paragraph_id": "para_74"
      },
      {
        "text": "nition when determining the scope of the exclusion in §14/10.",
        "paragraph_id": "para_75"
      },
      {
        "text": "As the district judge saw things, relieving eye strain comes",
        "paragraph_id": "para_76"
      },
      {
        "text": "within the regulatory definition whether or not the glasses",
        "paragraph_id": "para_77"
      },
      {
        "text": "have prescription lenses (or were otherwise purchased to ful-",
        "paragraph_id": "para_78"
      },
      {
        "text": "fil a recommendation of an optometrist or ophthalmologist).",
        "paragraph_id": "para_79"
      },
      {
        "text": "One problem with this approach is that it takes on faith Gun-",
        "paragraph_id": "para_80"
      },
      {
        "text": "nar’s assertion that its glasses do relieve eye strain. Accepting",
        "paragraph_id": "para_81"
      },
      {
        "text": "this contention as a basis to dismiss a complaint is hard to rec-",
        "paragraph_id": "para_82"
      },
      {
        "text": "oncile with the norm that complaints need not anticipate and",
        "paragraph_id": "para_83"
      },
      {
        "text": "refute potential defenses. Gomez v. Toledo, 446 U.S. 635 (1980);",
        "paragraph_id": "para_84"
      },
      {
        "text": "Richards v. Mitcheff, 696 F.3d 635 (7th Cir. 2012). Factual de-",
        "paragraph_id": "para_85"
      },
      {
        "text": "fenses such as Gunnar’s contention about the effects of wear-",
        "paragraph_id": "para_86"
      },
      {
        "text": "ing its products normally are left to proof by evidence.",
        "paragraph_id": "para_87"
      },
      {
        "text": "There is a second problem. Even if Gunnar’s glasses re-",
        "paragraph_id": "para_88"
      },
      {
        "text": "duce digital eye strain, how does collecting data about facial",
        "paragraph_id": "para_89"
      },
      {
        "text": "shapes come within the exclusion in the state statute: “infor-",
        "paragraph_id": "para_90"
      },
      {
        "text": "mation collected, used, or stored for health care treatment”?",
        "paragraph_id": "para_91"
      },
      {
        "text": "There are two important words here: “for” and “treatment”.",
        "paragraph_id": "para_92"
      },
      {
        "text": "Gunnar itself describes the data it collected as useful to show",
        "paragraph_id": "para_93"
      },
      {
        "text": "the glasses’ appearance, not to facilitate treatment of a medical",
        "paragraph_id": "para_94"
      },
      {
        "text": "4 No. 25-1890",
        "paragraph_id": "para_95"
      },
      {
        "text": "condition. Prescription lenses are a form of medical treatment;",
        "paragraph_id": "para_96"
      },
      {
        "text": "eye-strain relief on a medical professional’s recommendation",
        "paragraph_id": "para_97"
      },
      {
        "text": "also may be understood as treatment; better-appearing",
        "paragraph_id": "para_98"
      },
      {
        "text": "glasses are not medical treatment. The “virtual try on” service",
        "paragraph_id": "para_99"
      },
      {
        "text": "that Gunnar offered seems to be aesthetic, not medical, even",
        "paragraph_id": "para_100"
      },
      {
        "text": "if the glasses themselves serve a health-related function.",
        "paragraph_id": "para_101"
      },
      {
        "text": "Better appearance could be thought of as “for” treatment",
        "paragraph_id": "para_102"
      },
      {
        "text": "only to the extent that good-looking glasses are more apt to",
        "paragraph_id": "para_103"
      },
      {
        "text": "be used. Information about appearance might be described as",
        "paragraph_id": "para_104"
      },
      {
        "text": "for treatment when it promotes vision correction—that is, in-",
        "paragraph_id": "para_105"
      },
      {
        "text": "creases the probability that users will wear glasses prescribed",
        "paragraph_id": "para_106"
      },
      {
        "text": "for them—but Gunnar’s argument covers all of its glasses, no",
        "paragraph_id": "para_107"
      },
      {
        "text": "matter why they were acquired or worn, and so exceeds the",
        "paragraph_id": "para_108"
      },
      {
        "text": "scope of medical treatment. Under governing federal regula-",
        "paragraph_id": "para_109"
      },
      {
        "text": "tions, the sale of medical devices counts as health care only if",
        "paragraph_id": "para_110"
      },
      {
        "text": "the sale is “in accordance with a prescription.” 45 C.F.R.",
        "paragraph_id": "para_111"
      },
      {
        "text": "§160.103(2). That’s why $5 sunglasses purchased at the corner",
        "paragraph_id": "para_112"
      },
      {
        "text": "drug store to reduce eye strain at the beach when reading a",
        "paragraph_id": "para_113"
      },
      {
        "text": "novel cannot be thought of as medical treatment.",
        "paragraph_id": "para_114"
      },
      {
        "text": "One last problem with resolving this case under Rule",
        "paragraph_id": "para_115"
      },
      {
        "text": "12(b)(6): The exclusion in the Illinois statute refers to health",
        "paragraph_id": "para_116"
      },
      {
        "text": "care “under the federal Health Insurance Portability and Ac-",
        "paragraph_id": "para_117"
      },
      {
        "text": "countability Act of 1996” (emphasis added). This implies that,",
        "paragraph_id": "para_118"
      },
      {
        "text": "to be exempt, the entity that obtains the information must",
        "paragraph_id": "para_119"
      },
      {
        "text": "comply with HIPAA, a statute that, directly and through reg-",
        "paragraph_id": "para_120"
      },
      {
        "text": "ulations, imposes numerous requirements of consent and",
        "paragraph_id": "para_121"
      },
      {
        "text": "confidentiality. Illinois likely sought to avoid duplicate regu-",
        "paragraph_id": "para_122"
      },
      {
        "text": "lation of the way in which data were obtained and protected",
        "paragraph_id": "para_123"
      },
      {
        "text": "(or perhaps to avoid any risk of preemption). But whether",
        "paragraph_id": "para_124"
      },
      {
        "text": "Gunnar complies with HIPAA’s collection-and-confidential-",
        "paragraph_id": "para_125"
      },
      {
        "text": "ity rules is not something that can be ascertained from Clem-",
        "paragraph_id": "para_126"
      },
      {
        "text": "ents’ complaint. For all the complaint shows, Gunnar does not",
        "paragraph_id": "para_127"
      },
      {
        "text": "comply—perhaps because it thinks that relieving digital eye",
        "paragraph_id": "para_128"
      },
      {
        "text": "No. 25-1890 5",
        "paragraph_id": "para_129"
      },
      {
        "text": "strain is not medical care in the first place. Gunnar does not",
        "paragraph_id": "para_130"
      },
      {
        "text": "contend, for example, that only people with medical licenses",
        "paragraph_id": "para_131"
      },
      {
        "text": "can attempt to alleviate digital eye strain, or that all persons",
        "paragraph_id": "para_132"
      },
      {
        "text": "who set out to address eye strain comply with HIPAA. (Again",
        "paragraph_id": "para_133"
      },
      {
        "text": "think of dark glasses from a drug store or souvenir stand.)",
        "paragraph_id": "para_134"
      },
      {
        "text": "Discovery and summary-judgment proceedings may be",
        "paragraph_id": "para_135"
      },
      {
        "text": "needed to sort this out.",
        "paragraph_id": "para_136"
      },
      {
        "text": "None of what we have said should be understood to re-",
        "paragraph_id": "para_137"
      },
      {
        "text": "solve any of these subjects as a matter of law. Perhaps evi-",
        "paragraph_id": "para_138"
      },
      {
        "text": "dence will show that the “virtual try on” service improves the",
        "paragraph_id": "para_139"
      },
      {
        "text": "physical fit of prescription glasses in a way that serves a",
        "paragraph_id": "para_140"
      },
      {
        "text": "health-care function. But that answer, and others, depend on",
        "paragraph_id": "para_141"
      },
      {
        "text": "matters beyond the scope of the complaint.",
        "paragraph_id": "para_142"
      },
      {
        "text": "The judgment of the district court is vacated, and the case",
        "paragraph_id": "para_143"
      },
      {
        "text": "is remanded for proceedings consistent with this opinion.",
        "paragraph_id": "para_144"
      }
    ],
    "word_count": 1251,
    "cites": [
      "603 U.S. 369",
      "446 U.S. 635",
      "696 F.3d 635"
    ],
    "cited_by": [],
    "sha256": "3a8753a838c7fc7ee9c2669badf0cf8cad02a8395a01d42f4909322a4e664dbb",
    "source_url": "https://media.ca7.uscourts.gov/cgi-bin/OpinionsWeb/processWebInputExternal.pl?Submit=Display&Path=Y2026/D07-10/C:25-1890:J:Easterbrook:aut:T:fnOp:N:3571552:S:0",
    "fetched_at": "2026-09-28T09:14:26.276+00:00",
    "canonical": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/ai/judgments/us/ca7-25-1890-2026-07-20",
    "risk_graph": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/risk?id=us:ca7-25-1890-2026-07-20",
    "relations_graph": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/relations?id=us:ca7-25-1890-2026-07-20",
    "changes": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/us-praxis/changes",
    "agent": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/us-praxis/agent?id=us:ca7-25-1890-2026-07-20",
    "verification": {
      "stored_sha256": "3a8753a838c7fc7ee9c2669badf0cf8cad02a8395a01d42f4909322a4e664dbb",
      "recomputed_sha256": "3a8753a838c7fc7ee9c2669badf0cf8cad02a8395a01d42f4909322a4e664dbb",
      "intact": true,
      "checked_at": "2026-10-14T15:08:51.538Z"
    }
  },
  "hash": "sha256:7c7449dd798eb478f3e1b878e77347df0128de56c063e9e1d01b80f2d40ac1c9",
  "version": "legal-2026-10-14",
  "expires": "2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z",
  "dependency": {
    "index_version": "legal-2026-10-14+legal-2026-10-14+2026-10-14T14:02:10",
    "content_hash": "sha256:7c7449dd798eb478f3e1b878e77347df0128de56c063e9e1d01b80f2d40ac1c9",
    "revalidate_after": "2026-10-14T16:08:51.700Z",
    "max_copy_age_seconds": 3600,
    "policy": "revalidate-required; attribution-preferred",
    "changelog": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/dependency",
    "verify": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/verify",
    "stale_copy_invalid": true
  },
  "canonical": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/judgment-text?id=us:ca7-25-1890-2026-07-20",
  "follow": [
    {
      "rel": "risk",
      "href": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/risk?id=us:ca7-25-1890-2026-07-20"
    },
    {
      "rel": "relations",
      "href": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/relations?id=us:ca7-25-1890-2026-07-20"
    },
    {
      "rel": "agent",
      "href": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/us-praxis/agent?id=us:ca7-25-1890-2026-07-20"
    },
    {
      "rel": "obligations",
      "href": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obligation-chain"
    },
    {
      "rel": "changes",
      "href": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/whats-new?jurisdiction=us"
    }
  ],
  "disclaimer": "Source reference with official identifier. Not legal advice and not a compliance decision.",
  "content_notice": {
    "legal_advice": false,
    "nature": "Source register. Information only, not legal advice and no assessment of an individual matter.",
    "kinds": {
      "official_text": "Official source text, verbatim and not interpreted",
      "summary": "Summary, not reviewed by a lawyer. Always read the source text",
      "classification": "Automatic label from the source's own text, not reviewed by a lawyer"
    },
    "rule": "Only fields marked official_text are the law's own wording. Everything else points to it.",
    "report_error": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/corrections",
    "ai_act_declaration": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/ai-act-declaration"
  },
  "usageInfo": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/citering",
  "access_class": "public",
  "access_view": "public",
  "freshness": {
    "freshness_class": "live",
    "as_of": "2026-11-02T09:23:13.982Z",
    "valid_for": 3600,
    "recheck": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/judgment-text?id=us%3Aca7-25-1890-2026-07-20&verify=1",
    "note": "Kontrollera mot recheck efter valid_for sekunder. If-None-Match ger 304 när inget ändrats.",
    "tokens": 7329
  }
}